Science has become a cornerstone of our lives and one of the key ways our society approaches problem-solving. Scientists have been aware of the connection between fossil fuel combustion and greenhouse gases for over a century, but technological advances in the last half of the 20th century made it possible to gather more and better quality data. This section looks at the role of science in understanding the climate change issue, how science and policymakers work with each other, and how gaps and uncertainties are being addressed.

Science influences public policy in many areas. It has effectively helped policymakers with various environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain and persistent organic pollutants, as well as other social issues such as smoking. Scientists follow the scientific method to gain the most rigorous and reliable information and data on which to build their knowledge. This is a fundamental part of the scientific process, which includes peer review of research results.

Climate change is a complex issue and different kinds of knowledge can help us gain a better understanding. Knowledge gained through observation and a long history of living close to nature can also be very helpful in expanding our information base.

We use knowledge from many sources to solve problems. Although many organizations and agencies around the world are involved in climate change research, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most prestigious science assessment body, and it serves as a coordination and review point for most of the work being conducted by other scientific and research groups. The IPCCwas set up by the governments of the world, and its reports have guided national governments in understanding the science of climate change and analyzing the options available to deal with it.

Like most other complicated environmental and public policy issues, it is impossible to make entirely accurate predictions about how far and how fast the climate system and the environment will react to the greenhouse gases we are emitting. Uncertainties will remain for decades and the question is whether we take a precautionary approach, assess and manage the risks, or simply avoid responsibility for the issue and pass it on to future generations to cope with as best they can.